Assignment #15 Research and Inspiration

Research-

An illuminated manuscript is a manuscript in which the text is supplemented by the addition of decoration, such as decorated initials, borders (marginalia) and miniature illustrations. In the most strict definition of the term, an illuminated manuscript only refers to manuscripts decorated with gold or silver, but in both common usage and modern scholarship, the term is now used to refer to any decorated or illustrated manuscript from the Western traditions. Comparable Far Eastern works are always described as painted, as are Mesoamerican works. Islamic manuscripts are usually referred to as illuminated but can also be classified as painted.

Brainstorm-


I think that for this design I am going to try to make it look more traditional by adding lace and very simple colors. I also think that I am going to put some flower brushes to make it look natural and very nice. Song choices: Enchanted by Taylor Swift or Today Was a Fairytale by Taylor Swift. 


Inspiration- 

Assignment #14 Research and Inspiration

Research-

• Take pictures of individuals or groups and usually work in a commercially owned studio or on location (like at a school or an amusement park). 
• You will need to be a multi-tasker, because in addition to taking pictures you will have to schedule appointments, set up equipment, keep records, and sometimes have to train new employees. You also have to be good with technology, such as different kinds of cameras and computers. You need to have good eyesight and good hand-eye coordination. Finally, you need to be patient with children and difficult customers.
• Even though many colleges can offer degrees in photography, you don't need it for this job. If you have basic knowledge for how to use camera and computers, you should be fine. 
• If you have a lot of experience, you can move up. You can be a studio manager, which typically makes around 15-18 dollars an hour. You also might be able to teach photography or open your own portrait studio. Skilled photographers can also charge thousands to take pictures at weddings or any other big events. 
• JCPenney Portrait Studios, Picture People, SharpShooter Imaging are places that would be good for this job
• The average pay for this job is usually around 8-10 dollars an hour. You make 31,000 a year.If you intern at any places like the ones that are listed above, that can help in the future and can start to give you more and better experience for the future 

Brainstorm-

I think that this assignment will not be that hard. I am thinking about making a dark background and doing a white person so that it makes it really easy to spot the person. I will put the important information inside of the person so that people can easily see it. 

Inspiration- 

Early Computers 1930-1980 AD

What is an abacus?
An abacus is something that was able to preform simple math calculations.
In 1936, Zuse invented this type of computer?
He invented the first freely programmable computer.
Post a photo of the 1944 Mark Computer.

 In 1944, Aiken and Hopper designed the Mark Series of computers to be used for what?
They were used by the US Navy for gunnery and ballistic calculations.Post a photo of the UNIVAC Computer.

In 1951, Eckert and Mauchly designed the first commercial computer for whom?
It was designed for the Census Bureau.
What does UNIVAC stand for?
Universal Automatic ComputerIn 1953, IBM enters the scene. What does IBM stand for?
International Business Machines
What is FORTRAN?
It was the first successful high level programming language. It stands for the IBM Mathematical Formula Translating System.
Post a photo of the first mouse.
In 1964, how did Engelbart change the way computers worked?
He made them into a more user friendly tool.
What is the significance of ARPnet?
It stands for Advanced Research Projects Agency Network. It was developed to protect the flow of information between military installations.
In 1971, Intel introduced this?

Intel introduced the first single chip microprocessor.

Post a photo of it.
In the same year, IBM introduced this?
They introduced the first memory disk(floppy disk)Post a photo of one.
In 1973, Metcalf and Xerox created this?
They created the first Ethernet computer network.
During the next several years, the first consumer computers were marketed. Post photos of the Altair, Apple I, Apple II, TRS-80, Commodore PET. Label each.

Altair

Apple 1

Apple 2

TRS-80

Commodore PET

In 1981, Bill Gates and Microsoft introduced this package?

They introduced the MS-DOS computer operating system which was packages with the IMB PCPost a photo of the Lisa computer.

In 1983, who introduced the Lisa computer?
Apple
What is GUI?
GUI is graphical user interface.Post a photo of the computer mentioned below.

In 1984, a more affordable home computer was introduced. Name the computer and the company that marketed it?The Apple Macintosh Computer was introduced.
The commercial only ran one time. When?
During the Super Bowl in 1984
In response to the Apple GUI, Gates and Microsoft introduced this?
They introduced the Windows Operating System.
Two men are known for their development of the Apple I computer. Who are they?
Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak
When was the internet that we know, world wide web, developed and introduced?
1977
Over the years, Apple has included "easter eggs" within their software. What is an "easter egg"?
Easter eggs are small programs that are hidden inside other programs.
Search for easter eggs in Photoshop and Illustrator. List a few in this post ... and try to find them in the applications.
Type tool in the tool box, and the palettes button in options bar.
Where do you think computers will take us in the next 10 years?

I think computers will be used in schools. I believe they will become more compact and advance.

History of Photography 1839-1960 AD

Until the 1880s, how were news stories illustrated?
Engravings or woodcuts were used.
What is a camera obscura?
An optical device that projects an image of its surroundings onto a screen.
Post an example of a camera obscura.

How did scholars and artists utilize the camera obscure?
It was used to observe solar eclipses and phases of the moon.
From where did the photographic camera develop?
The portable box version of the camera obscura.
Who first used the term "photography"? Where was is derived from?
Sir John Herschel first used the term "photography". It is derived from the Greek words for light and writing.
Post the first photgraph

Who is credited with making the first successful photograph?
Joseph Niepce
Post an example of a Daguerreotype image.

Who invented the Daguerreotype process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?Louis Daguerre invented the Daguerreotype process. The process reduced the time needed to make photographs. However, the process was expensive, and the image could not be duplicated.
Post an example of a Calotype image.

Who invented the Calotype process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process? William Fox Talbot invented the Calotype process. An unlimited amount of duplicates could be made, but the quality of the image was affected by experimentations.
Post an example of a Wet Collodion Process image.

Who invented the Wet Collodion process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process? Frederick Scott Archer invented the Wet Collodion process. The process reduced the exposure time and costs. A much sharper image was produced. Darkrooms and other equipment had to be portable.
Post an example of a Dry Plate Process image.

Who invented the Dry Plate process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?
Richard Maddox invented the Dry Plate process. The disadvantage was that this process still made photography too complicated for the general public. The advantage was that the gelatin still is the base of film even today.
Who is George Eastman? What company did he establish? George Eastman is the inventor of roll film, a photographic medium that is coated on paper rolls. He established the Eastman Kodak company.
Post an example of The Kodak Camera from 1888.

In 1888, he produced a camera that use his flexible roll film. How did he make this camera/photography accessible to the public?
He introduced the camera called the 'Brownie'. It just sold for $1.
What is Edwin Land best known for? What company did he establish? Edwin Land is best known for inventing instant photography. He founded the Polaroid Corporation.
Post a photo of the first Polaroid camera.
How long did the first Polaroid camera take to produce a photo?
60 seconds.
What was Eadweard Muybridge known for? He was known for starting motion picture photography.
Post a photo of the Zoopraxiscope

What is the Zoopraxiscope? A device used to show images in successive pages of motion.
Post a photo of Muybridge's horse in motion

How did Muybridge settle the debate and photograph a horse in motion? He set up a system of cameras that were triggered by a thread when the horse was in motion.
In 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed this? It allowed for the capturing of several individual images on a single film reel.
Post a photo of a motion picture projector.

What is a motion picture projector? A device that shines a light through a piece of film and magnifies a "moving picture" onto a screen for an audience.

The Linotype Machine 1886 AD

Who is credited with the invention of the typewriter?
James O. Clephane
What is a "stenographer"?
Someone who is skilled in the trasncription of speech
Post an example of Shole's typewriter.

Why did Sholes send a prototype of his typewriter to Clephane?
He thought stenographers would want to use it
After the typewriter began production, why did Clephane pursue another machine?
The typewriter didn't make all the improvments that he wanted
Who spent a year redesigning Clephane's typesetting machine?
Ottmar Mergenthaler
What is meant by "typesetting"?
Arranging a piece of type to be printed
Post an example of Linotype Machine.

How does the Linotype Machine differ from the typewriter?
Allowed type to be used by hand
How did this machine change the newspaper industry?
Small number operators could work more easily
Post an example of a Linotype keyboard.
How did the keyboard of the Linotype Machine differ from keyboards that we use today?
There were 90 characters on the keyboard
Post an example of a Linotype slug.
What is a slug?
Assembled line of type cast as an assembled piece
Post an example of a person operating a Linotype Machine.
Why is the Linotype Machine the greatest advanced in printing since movable type?
It won a grand prix

The Gutenberg Press 1450 AD

What is Johannes Gutenberg credited with?
He is credited with inventing the technology of printing with moveable type.

Most influential person of all times.

Post a photo of the Gutenberg Press.

How did the printing press work?
Hand press. Ink was rolled over the raised surface of moveable hand-set black letters held within a wooden form. Form was pressed against a sheet of paper.

What motivated Gutenberg to find a better way of creating books?
Working with his father and his love of reading motivated him to find a better way to create books.

Why did Gutenberg experiment with metal type versus wood type?
Gutenberg concluded that metal type (or movable type) could be reproduced quickly once a single mold could be made.

Post an example of movable type in a type case.

What is moveable type?
Moveable type is the system of printing that uses moveable components to reproduce the elements of a document (usually individual letters and punctuations). Lettering was more uniform.

What is a matrix?Hard metal punch is hammered into a soft copper bar, creating a matrix.Then, placed into a hand-held mold. Piece of type is cast by filling the mold with molten metal.

The matrix can be reused so the same character appearing anywhere within the book will appear very uniform.

What ink did Gutenberg develop that he used specifically for the printing press?
Oil-based ink. More durable then the water based ink.

What is paper made from? Where did paper originate?
Paper is a substrate made from wood pulp. Chinese created the first piece of paper.

What is a "substrate"?


Who did Gutenberg seek to help with the invention of the press?

Johan Fust

At the end of the 5 years, what happened?

If Gutenberg could not repay the loan, with interest, Fust would get the printing press, tools, and materials.Close to the end of 5 years, what happened?Before the 200 bibles were completed, Fust sued Gutenberg to get his money.
Judge ruled in favor of Fust and made Gutenberg pay. Gutenberg turned over the printing press, tools, materials and all 180 Bible.

What was the first book he printed?

A two volume Bible.

Post an example of this book.

How did the Gutenberg Press impact communication?

Perfected script and made it easier to read.

Books made more rapidly.

Curent information could be shared locally around the world.

Cost of books decreased allowing more people to buy them.

Demand grew and population became more literate.

Who introduced the printing press to England?
William Caxton produced the first book in English. Fist english person to work as a printer.

What was the early form of newspapers?
trade newsletters began to develop as an early form of newspaper.

When was the first news weekly published? What was it called?
1704. The boston letter, by John Campbell.

What kind of press was built in the US in the mid 1800s?

Lord Stanhope had built a press completely out or cast iron.

Post an example of a 1930s printing press.

By the late 1930s, presses had increased in efficiency and were capable of 2,500 to 3,500 impressions per hour. What is meant by "impression"?

Which printing process is the Gutenberg press an example of? Briefly describe the process?Relief printing

Intaglio

Porous

Lithography

Post an example of an intaglio press.

What is intaglio printing and how is ink transferred?Image area is etched into the plate surface to hold the ink.

Ink is applied, then rubbed with a cloth to remove the excess. Damp pare is placed on top. A press applies pressure to transfer the ink to the paper.

Post an example of a screen (porous) printing press.

What is porous printing and how is ink transferred?Basic stencil process. image is attached to a screen. Ink is forced through open mesh areas.

Post an example of a lithography printing press.

What is lithography and how is ink transferred?Printing on a flat surface. Based on the concept that oil and water do not readily mix.

Drawing, or artwork , is made on the plate with greasy ink or crayon. Mater is applied. When ink is spread on top, the greasy parts accept ink, the wet parts do not.

Post an example of a offset lithography printing press.

What variation of lithography is used by the commercial printing industry today?
Most commercial printing is printed with a similar form of the lithography process called. offset lithography.

How do printing presses used today compare to the Gutenberg Press?


Describe four-color process printing using CMYK?